
Affiliated with a Castle Connolly Top Hospital
Also known as:
ICD-10 Codes:
Also known as:
ICD-10 Codes:
For detailed information, please contact Dr. Shafer's office.
All Other Third Party
Blue Shield of California
Care N' Care
Centene
Central California Alliance for Health
CVS Health (formerly Aetna)
Express Scripts
Hill Physicians Medical Group
Medicare
UnitedHealthcare
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Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) cross-resistance
JOURL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY, 2014
Prototypical Recombint Multi-Protease
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY, 2013
Trends in Genotypic HIV-1 Antiretroviral Resistance between 2006
PLOS ONE, 2013
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance mutations associated with first
jourl of infectious diseases, 2013
Collinearity of protease mutations in HIV-1 samples with high
JOURL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY, 2013
Low-Level Persistence of Drug Resistance Mutations in Hepatitis B Virus
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY, 2013
Panel of Prototypical Recombint Infectious Molecular Clones Resistant to Nevirapine, Efavirenz
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY, 2012
A Review of the Virological Efficacy of the 4 World Health Organization-Recommended Tenofovir
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES, 2012
HIV-1 Antiretroviral Resistance: Scientific Principles and Clinical Applications
DRUGS, 2012
The efficacy of an anti-CD4 monoclol antibody for HIV-1 treatment
ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH, 2011
HIV-1 Integrase Inhibitor Resistance and Its Clinical Implications
JOURL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES, 2011
Comparison of the Mechanisms of Drug Resistance among HIV, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C
VIRUSES-BASEL, 2010
HIV-1 Protease Mutations and Protease Inhibitor Cross-Resistance
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY, 2010
Minority Variants Associated with Transmitted
JAIDS-JOURL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES, 2009
Nonpolymorphic Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Protease
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY, 2009
Predictive Value of HIV-1 Genotypic Resistance Test Interpretation Algorithms
JOURL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES, 2009
Ultra-Deep Pyrosequencing of Hepatitis B Virus Quasispecies from Nucleoside
JOURL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES, 2009
Drug Resistance Mutations for Surveillance of Transmitted HIV-1 Drug-Resistance: 2009 Update
PLOS ONE, 2009
Low-Abundance Drug-Resistant HIV-1 Variants
JOURL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES, 2009
A transitiol endogenous lentivirus from the genome of a basal primate
PROCEEDINGS OF THE TIOL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AM, 2008
Characterization of mutation spectra with ultra-deep pyrosequencing
GENOME RESEARCH, 2007
HIV-1 subtype B protease and reverse transcriptase amino acid covariation
PLOS COMPUTATIOL BIOLOGY, 2007
Genotypic predictors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 drug resistance
PROCEEDINGS OF THE TIOL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AM, 2006
Ratiole and uses of a public HIV drug-resistance database
JOURL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES, 2006
Web resources for HIV type 1 genotypic-resistance test interpretation
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES, 2006
HIV-1 pol mutation frequency by subtype and treatment experience
AIDS, 2006
HIV-1 protease and reverse-transcriptase mutations
JOURL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES, 2005
Drug resistance and antiretroviral drug development
JOURL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY, 2005
Panel of prototypical infectious molecular HIV
AIDS, 2005
Impact of HIV-1 subtype and antiretroviral therapy on protease and reverse transcriptase genotype
PLOS MEDICINE, 2005
Comparison of four-drug regimens
NEW ENGLAND JOURL OF MEDICINE, 2003
Colinearity of reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance mutations detected by population
JAIDS-JOURL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES, 2003
Lack of detectable human immunodeficiency virus type 1 superinfection during 1072 person
JOURL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES, 2003
Extended spectrum of HIV
AIDS, 2003
Mutation patterns and structural correlates in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease
JOURL OF VIROLOGY, 2003
Human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase and protease sequence database
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH, 2003
Genotypic testing for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 drug resistance
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS, 2002
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase
TURE MEDICINE, 2000
HIV-1 genotypic resistance patterns predict response to saquivir
ANLS OF INTERL MEDICINE, 1999
Sequence and drug susceptibility of subtype C protease from human immunodeficiency virus type 1
AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES, 1999
Multiple concurrent reverse transcriptase and protease mutations and multidrug resistance of HIV
ANLS OF INTERL MEDICINE, 1998
Sequence and drug susceptibility of subtype C reverse transcriptase from human immunodeficiency
JOURL OF VIROLOGY, 1997
Tuberculosis in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus: Perspective on the past decade
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES, 1996
Predictors of survival in HIV-infected tuberculosis patients
AIDS, 1996
TEMPORAL TRENDS AND TRANSMISSION PATTERNS DURING THE EMERGENCE OF MULTIDRUG
JOURL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES, 1995
COMBITION THERAPY WITH ZIDOVUDINE AND DIDANOSINE SELECTS FOR DRUG-RESISTANT HUMAN
JOURL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES, 1994
EXOGENOUS REINFECTION WITH MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT MYCOBACTERIUM
NEW ENGLAND JOURL OF MEDICINE, 1993
EXTRAPULMORY TUBERCULOSIS IN PATIENTS WITH HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION
MEDICINE, 1991
HIV-1 fitness landscape models for indivir treatment pressure using observed evolution in
Infection, genetics and evolution : jourl of molecular epidemiology an, 2013
Drug Resistance Mutations in HIV-1.
Topics in HIV medicine : a publication of the Intertiol AIDS Society,
Cooperative Effects of Drug-Resistance Mutations in the Flap Region of HIV-1 Protease
ACS CHEMICAL BIOLOGY, 2013
Update of the drug resistance mutations in HIV-1: March 2013.
Topics in antiviral medicine, 2013
In vitro HIV-1 evolution in response to triple reverse transcriptase inhibitors & in silico
PloS one, 2013
T Cell Activation Markers
PLOS ONE, 2012
Development of Elvitegravir Resistance
PLOS ONE, 2012
Automating HIV Drug Resistance Genotyping with RECall, a Freely Accessible Sequence Alysis Tool
JOURL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, 2012
Whole-genome sequencing of the efficient industrial fuel
MOLECULAR GENETICS AND GENOMICS, 2012
Standardized representation
AIDS RESEARCH AND THERAPY, 2012
Standardized Comparison of the Relative Impacts of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY, 2012
The HIVdb System for HIV-1 Genotypic Resistance Interpretation
INTERVIROLOGY, 2012
A multifaceted alysis of HIV-1 protease multidrug resistance phenotypes
BMC BIOINFORMATICS, 2011
2011 update of the drug resistance mutations in HIV-1.
Topics in antiviral medicine, 2011
Loss of Protease Dimerization Inhibition Activity of Daruvir
JOURL OF VIROLOGY, 2011
Prediction of response to antiretroviral therapy by human experts
HIV MEDICINE, 2011
Hepatitis B virus reverse transcriptase sequence variant database for sequence alysis
ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH, 2010
A classification model for G-to
BIOINFORMATICS, 2010
HIV-1 Integrase Sequence Variability in Antiretroviral ive Patients
AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES, 2010
Estimating the individualized HIV-1 genetic barrier to resistance using a nelfivir fitness l
BMC BIOINFORMATICS, 2010
Long-term increase in CD4
AIDS, 2010
Constrained patterns of covariation
JOURL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY, 2010
Nucleic Acid Template and the Risk of a PCR-Induced HIV-1 Drug Resistance Mutation
PLOS ONE, 2010
African Mitochondrial D Subhaplogroups and Peripheral Neuropathy during Antiretroviral Therapy
JOURL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES, 2010
Predicting Tipravir and Daruvir Resistance Using Genotypic, Phenotypic
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY, 2010
Public database for HIV drug resistance in southern Africa
TURE, 2010
Panel of Prototypical Raltegravir-Resistant Infectious Molecular Clones in a Novel Integrase
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY, 2010
The calibrated population resistance tool
BIOINFORMATICS, 2009
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Isolates with the Reverse Transcriptase
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY, 2009
Predicting the Response to Combition Antiretroviral Therapy
JOURL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES, 2009
The challenge of antiretroviral drug resistance in HIV-1-infected children
JORL DE PEDIATRIA, 2009
Incomplete Reconstitution of T Cell Subsets on Combition Antiretroviral Therapy
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES, 2009
Biomarker discovery using targeted maximum-likelihood estimation
STATISTICS IN MEDICINE, 2009
Advantages of predicted phenotypes
ANTIVIRAL THERAPY, 2009
A highly prevalent and genetically diversified Picorviridae genus in South Asian children
PROCEEDINGS OF THE TIOL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AM, 2008
Virologic Response to Lopivir-Ritovir
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY, 2008
Minority Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Variants in Antiretroviral
JOURL OF VIROLOGY, 2008
Bayesian network alyses of resistance pathways against efavirenz and nevirapine
AIDS, 2008
Ratiol use of antiretroviral therapy in low-income and middle-income countries
AIDS, 2008
tural variation of HIV-1 group M integrase
RETROVIROLOGY, 2008
Viral population estimation using pyrosequencing
PLOS COMPUTATIOL BIOLOGY, 2008
Viral population estimation using pyrosequencing.
PLoS computatiol biology, 2008
HIV-1 drug resistance mutations: an updated framework for the second decade of HAART
AIDS REVIEWS, 2008
Sequence editing by Apolipoprotein B R-editing catalytic component-B
AIDS, 2008
Hemochromatosis gene polymorphisms, mitochondrial haplogroups
JOURL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES, 2008
The mitochondrial pharmacogenomics of haplogroup T
PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURL, 2008
Dymics of total, linear nonintegrated, and integrated HIV-1 D in vivo and in vitro
JOURL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES, 2008
Multiple independent origins of a protease inhibitor resistance mutation
RETROVIROLOGY, 2008
Consensus drug resistance mutations for epidemiological surveillance
ANTIVIRAL THERAPY, 2008
A highly divergent picorvirus in a marine mammal
JOURL OF VIROLOGY, 2008
Prevalence of daruvir resistance-associated mutations
JOURL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES, 2007
World antimalarial resistance network (WARN) III: Molecular markers for drug resistant malaria
MALARIA JOURL, 2007
Educatiol attainment and response to HAART during initial therapy for HIV-1 infection
JOURL OF PSYCHOSOMATIC RESEARCH, 2007
Virologic efficacy of boosted double versus boosted single protease inhibitor therapy
AIDS, 2007
Simple PCR Assays Improve the Sensitivity of HIV-1 Subtype B Drug Resistance Testing
PLOS ONE, 2007
HIV-1 protease and reverse transcriptase mutations for drug resistance surveillance
AIDS, 2007
Improved prediction of response to antiretroviral combition therapy using the genetic barrier to
ANTIVIRAL THERAPY, 2007
Knowledge integration of software for HIV drug resistance research.
AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings / AMIA Symposium. AMIA Symposium, 2007
Case files from Stanford University Medical Center: ten years of HAART
MedGenMed : Medscape general medicine, 2007
N88D facilitates the co
AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES, 2006
Multilocus genetic interactions and response to efavirenz-containing regimens
PHARMACOGENET
An internist who deals with infectious diseases of all types and in all organ systems. Conditions requiring selective use of antibiotics call for this special skill. This physician often diagnoses and treats AIDS patients and patients with fevers which have not been explained. Infectious disease specialists may also have expertise in preventive medicine and travel medicine.
Contact Dr. Shafer to book an appointment today.